IMMUTABLE AND MUTABLE

 In Java, like in Python, the concepts of "immutable" and "mutable" refer to the properties of objects and data types.

1. **Immutable**: In Java, an immutable object is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created. Once created, any operation that appears to modify the object actually creates a new object with the modified state, leaving the original object unchanged. Examples of immutable classes in Java include `String`, `Integer`, `Double`, and `BigInteger`.

    For example, when you concatenate strings in Java:

    ```java

    String str1 = "Hello";

    String str2 = str1 + " World";

    ```

    Here, you're not modifying the original `str1`; instead, you're creating a new string `"Hello World"`.

2. **Mutable**: Mutable objects in Java are objects whose state can be modified after they are created. Changes made to a mutable object directly affect its state, without creating a new object. Examples of mutable classes in Java include `ArrayList`, `StringBuilder`, `HashMap`, and custom classes with mutable fields.

    For instance, with an `ArrayList`:

    ```java

    ArrayList<Integer> myList = new ArrayList<>();

    myList.add(1);

    myList.add(2);

    ```

    Here, `myList` is mutable. The `add()` method modifies the list directly by adding elements to it.

Just like in Python, understanding the difference between mutable and immutable objects is essential in Java programming, as it impacts how you manage state, concurrency, and memory usage in your applications.

1. **Immutable**: In Java, an immutable object is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created. Once created, any operation that appears to modify the object actually creates a new object with the modified state, leaving the original object unchanged. Examples of immutable classes in Java include `String`, `Integer`, `Double`, and `BigInteger`.

    For example, when you concatenate strings in Java:

    ```java

    String str1 = "Hello";

    String str2 = str1 + " World";

    ```

    Here, you're not modifying the original `str1`; instead, you're creating a new string `"Hello World"`.

2. **Mutable**: Mutable objects in Java are objects whose state can be modified after they are created. Changes made to a mutable object directly affect its state, without creating a new object. Examples of mutable classes in Java include `ArrayList`, `StringBuilder`, `HashMap`, and custom classes with mutable fields.

    For instance, with an `ArrayList`:

    ```java

    ArrayList<Integer> myList = new ArrayList<>();

    myList.add(1);

    myList.add(2);

    ```

    Here, `myList` is mutable. The `add()` method modifies the list directly by adding elements to it.

Just like in Python, understanding the difference between mutable and immutable objects is essential in Java programming, as it impacts how you manage state, concurrency, and memory usage in your applications.

 In Java, like in Python, the concepts of "immutable" and "mutable" refer to the properties of objects and data types.

1. **Immutable**: In Java, an immutable object is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created. Once created, any operation that appears to modify the object actually creates a new object with the modified state, leaving the original object unchanged. Examples of immutable classes in Java include `String`, `Integer`, `Double`, and `BigInteger`.

    For example, when you concatenate strings in Java:

    ```java

    String str1 = "Hello";

    String str2 = str1 + " World";

    ```

    Here, you're not modifying the original `str1`; instead, you're creating a new string `"Hello World"`.

2. **Mutable**: Mutable objects in Java are objects whose state can be modified after they are created. Changes made to a mutable object directly affect its state, without creating a new object. Examples of mutable classes in Java include `ArrayList`, `StringBuilder`, `HashMap`, and custom classes with mutable fields.

    For instance, with an `ArrayList`:

    ```java

    ArrayList<Integer> myList = new ArrayList<>();

    myList.add(1);

    myList.add(2);

    ```

    Here, `myList` is mutable. The `add()` method modifies the list directly by adding elements to it.

Just like in Python, understanding the difference between mutable and immutable objects is essential in Java programming, as it impacts how you manage state, concurrency, and memory usage in your applications.

1. **Immutable**: In Java, an immutable object is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created. Once created, any operation that appears to modify the object actually creates a new object with the modified state, leaving the original object unchanged. Examples of immutable classes in Java include `String`, `Integer`, `Double`, and `BigInteger`.

    For example, when you concatenate strings in Java:

    ```java

    String str1 = "Hello";

    String str2 = str1 + " World";

    ```

    Here, you're not modifying the original `str1`; instead, you're creating a new string `"Hello World"`.

2. **Mutable**: Mutable objects in Java are objects whose state can be modified after they are created. Changes made to a mutable object directly affect its state, without creating a new object. Examples of mutable classes in Java include `ArrayList`, `StringBuilder`, `HashMap`, and custom classes with mutable fields.

    For instance, with an `ArrayList`:

    ```java

    ArrayList<Integer> myList = new ArrayList<>();

    myList.add(1);

    myList.add(2);

    ```

    Here, `myList` is mutable. The `add()` method modifies the list directly by adding elements to it.

Just like in Python, understanding the difference between mutable and immutable objects is essential in Java programming, as it impacts how you manage state, concurrency, and memory usage in your applications.